Brinegar vs U.S 338 U.S 160 (1949)
In the beginning, Brinegar was arrested for liquor hauling between states. He had been arrested before on the same charges, and before the arrest was seen loading liquor into his car at several different places. Police chased down Brinegar and pulled over his car. After questioning, it became known that Brinegar had twelve cases of alcohol in his car, and one of the cases was visible from outside the car. Still, Brinegar appealed to have the evidence disregarded as unlawful search and seizure. The following statement came from the trial afterwards. "Probable causes exists where the facts and circumstances within an officer's knowledge, and of which they had reasonably trustworthy information, are sufficient in themselves to warrant a belief by a man of reasonable caution that a crime is being committed." Basically, this interpreted the amendment by saying that if an officer has probable cause and suspicion, it gives them the right to pull over a criminal. It was also ruled in this case that since the alcohol was in plain sight, it did not count as unlawful search and seizure, and probable cause gave the officers the right to stop the car. Fortunately in the end, Brinegar was convicted of trafficking alcohol and imprisoned.